ABSTRACT
The development of cartilage-targeting fluorophore 28 (CARF28) represents a significant advance in the field of biomedical imaging, particularly for the diagnosis and monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other cartilage-related conditions. By combining second near-infrared fluorescence with a structure-inherent targeting strategy, this novel fluorophore offers a unique combination of deep tissue penetration, high resolution, and selective binding to cartilage components. This work not only addresses the critical need for early detection and precise assessment of RA but also lays the foundation for broader applications in theranostics, enabling targeted therapy and real-time monitoring of disease progression. The high specificity, prolonged retention, and low toxicity of CARF28 further underscore its potential as a transformative tool for clinical and research applications in musculoskeletal diseases.